Curated from 150+ peer-reviewed publications (1998–2025). All data from animal and in vitro models unless noted.
2022
Pharmaceuticals · MDPI Comprehensive Review
SELANK: A Nootropic Peptide with Anxiolytic, Immune-Modulatory, and Cognitive Properties
Finding: Comprehensive literature review covering all SELANK mechanisms. SELANK exerts anxiolytic effects without sedation or dependence (unlike benzodiazepines). Key mechanisms confirmed: (1) GABAergic potentiation (GABA-A receptor modulation), (2) serotonin turnover normalization in limbic system, (3) enkephalin degradation inhibition, (4) BDNF upregulation in hippocampus. Clinical data from Russian Phase 2/3 trials confirmed anxiolytic and memory-enhancing effects in generalized anxiety disorder.
SELANK Review · Pharmaceuticals 2022
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2020
Bulletin of Experimental Biology & Medicine
SELANK Reduces Anxiety in Elevated Plus Maze: GABAergic and Serotonergic Mechanisms
Finding: SELANK (300 µg/kg IP) significantly increased open arm entries (+62% vs. control) and time in open arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM) — the gold standard anxiolytic test. The anxiolytic effect was comparable to diazepam (2 mg/kg) in efficacy, but without locomotion reduction or sedation. Mechanistic studies confirmed GABA-A receptor potentiation and 5-HT turnover normalization in the amygdala.
Selank Anxiolytic EPM · Bull Exp Biol Med 2020
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2018
Neurochemistry International · BDNF Study
SELANK Upregulates BDNF in Rat Hippocampus: Cognitive Enhancement Mechanism
Finding: SELANK administration produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in hippocampal BDNF protein and mRNA levels (peak +28% at 24h, sustained for 72h). Spatial memory performance in Morris water maze was significantly correlated with BDNF increase (r=0.74, p<0.01). SELANK-treated rats showed 23% faster learning curves and 31% better long-term retention vs. controls.
Selank BDNF Cognitive · Neurochem Int 2018
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2017
Neurochemical Journal
SELANK Normalizes IL-6 and Cytokine Dysregulation in Stress Models
Finding: In chronic stress (CUMS) rat models, SELANK normalized dysregulated cytokine profiles: reduced elevated IL-6 by −44%, reduced IL-1β by −38%, and normalized IL-4/IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines to control levels. SELANK also prevented stress-induced weight loss and normalized HPA axis hyperactivity (reduced corticosterone levels). This study confirmed SELANK acts as an immune-neuroregulator under psychological stress.
Selank Cytokine Stress · Neurochem J 2017
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2016
Russian Clinical Data · Generalized Anxiety Disorder
SELANK vs. Medazepam for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Registered Clinical Trial
Finding: Randomized comparison study in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: SELANK (400 µg/day IN × 14 days) vs. medazepam (benzodiazepine). Both treatments significantly reduced HAMA (Hamilton Anxiety) scores. SELANK produced equivalent anxiolytic effect to medazepam but with superior cognitive performance (working memory tests improved with SELANK, declined with medazepam), and zero dependence or withdrawal effects.
SELANK GAD Clinical Trial · Russian Federal Registry · 2016
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2013
CNS Drug Reviews
SELANK as Tuftsin Analog: Immune Neuromodulation and Enkephalin Enhancement
Finding: SELANK is a stabilized analog of tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), a naturally occurring tetrapeptide from IgG. The stabilizing PGP (Pro-Gly-Pro) extension increases plasma half-life from <2 min to 20+ min. SELANK activates the enkephalin system by inhibiting NEP (neprilysin), the primary enkephalin-degrading enzyme, producing opioid-like stress relief without tolerance. Also activates monocyte and NK cell function at µM concentrations.
Selank Tuftsin Enkephalin · CNS Drug Rev 2005;11(4):321–340 · PMID: 16614734
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2010
Psychopharmacology
SELANK Antidepressant Effects: Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model
Finding: SELANK (300 µg/kg, 14 days) produced significant antidepressant-like effects in CUMS model: increased sucrose preference (anhedonia reversal), reduced immobility in forced swim test (−38% vs. vehicle), and normalized stress-induced behavioral despair. Brain serotonin turnover in prefrontal cortex was significantly increased. Unlike standard antidepressants, SELANK produced these effects within 3 days of treatment.
Selank Antidepressant CUMS · Psychopharmacology 2010
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